Develop and test new interventions and methods to prevent transmission and mitigate impact of the epidemic.

1. Support research to identify activities that immediately and directly influence the effectiveness of existing programs.
2. Undertake activities that enable women to reduce the risk of HIV infection.
3. Undertake pilot projects and research to mitigate the impact of HIV in severely affected areas.
4. Undertake activities that support the public health infrastructure and utilization of HIV vaccines.

• Development and improvement of women's access to female controlled barrier methods.
• Improvement of STD/HIV prevention interventions and technologies for STD management.
• Support of studies that enhance understanding of behaviors and epidemiology, mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on communities.
• Facilitate opportunities for international field trials of promising vaccines.

Persons living in USAID's HIV/AIDS emphasis countries.

USAID agency employees, developing country representatives, community representatives, PVO/NGO donors, multilateral donors, and bilateral donors.

1. Conduct policy dialogue with decision makers to encourage a high-level multi-sectoral coordinated response to HIV/AIDS.
2. Address resource issues and long-term sustainability at all levels.
3. Address the social and cultural impediments to the successful implementation of HIV/AIDS programs.
4. Develop tools and complete research to serve policy dialogue and reform.

• Increase the use of methods aimed at reducing perinatal and parenteral HIV transmission.
• Coordinate effective donor responses and leveraged funding.
• Support international and regional multi-sectoral approaches and mobilize the private sector.
• Support decision-makers addressing difficult social, cultural, and religious issues.
• Continue to develop and use tools such as simulation modelling to describe the socio-economic impact of the epidemic.

1. Promote safer sexual behavior through information, education, and communication.
2. Increase the demand for, access to, and use of condoms.
3. Control STIs by improving STI diagnosis and treatment services and by education of persons with STIs.

• Improvement of social and cultural commitment to HIV/AIDS prevention.
• Strengthening programs to create a more supportive environment for behavior change, improving the quality of diagnosis and treatment, and increasing access to services including counseling and training for care providers, and facilitating the procurement of therapies.

1. Improve policy reform, research capability, logistics systems, and use of local and regional NGO networks.
2. Enhance the technical and managerial capability of indigenous NGOs and PVOs to design, implement and evaluate HIV/STI projects in all HIV/AIDS emphasis countries.
3. Strengthen local and regional networks of NGOs involved in HIV prevention, care and advocacy in at least six countries.
4. Assess and strengthen host country capacity for HIV/STI prevention research.
5. Disseminate models of home and community based delivery of HIV/STI care.

• Support for USAID'S response to HIV/AIDS in developing countries, the Paris Summit Initiative, and the Greater Involvement of Persons Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS (GIPA).
• Provide support for and strengthen linkages between indigenous NGOs and U.S. domestic PVOs, NGOs, and ASOs.
• Concentrate bilateral and care resources on selected emphasis countries to assure comprehensive programs; strengthen trans-national and regional activities in prevention and research through the "areas of affinity" concept.
• Continue collaboration with and support for efforts of multi-lateral organizations such as UNAIDS, WHO, UNDP, ENFPA, UNICEF, and the U.S.-Japan Common Agenda for HIV/AIDS prevention